Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of Rutherford’s experiment in which he bombarded gold foil with alpha particles?

(A) Electrons are arranged in shells of increasing energy around the nucleus of an atom.
(B) The volume of an atom is mostly empty space with the positive charges concentrated in a dense nucleus.
(C) Atoms are made of subatomic particles of different charges and masses.
(D) Discrete emission spectrum lines are produced because only certain energy states of electrons are allowed.

How many atoms of hydrogen are in 1.5 g of ribose (C₅H₁₀O₅, 150 g mol⁻¹)?

(A) 6.02 × 10²²
(B) 6.02 × 10²³
(C) 6.02 × 10²⁴
(D) 6.02 × 10²⁵

How many oxygen atoms are in 4.4 g of CO₂?

(A) 6.02 × 10²²
(B) 1.20 × 10²³
(C) 1.20 × 10²⁴
(D) 6.02 × 10²³

How many molecules are contained in 180 g of water (H₂O)?
(A) 6.02 × 10²²
(B) 6.02 × 10²³
(C) 1.20 × 10²⁴
(D) 6.02 × 10²⁴